The impact of climate change on Himachal’s agricultural landscape
Climate change is driving a significant transformation in the scenic hills of Himachal Pradesh, where apple orchards have long dominated the agricultural landscape. Farmers are diversifying their crops, moving away from traditional apple cultivation, and embracing alternative fruits better suited to the changing environment.
Some of the alternative fruits gaining ground in local farmers’ fields include:
- Persimmon (Khurma): Over the past decade, persimmon production has surged by more than 100%. In 2013-14, 519 metric tons (MT) of persimmons were harvested from 403 hectares of cultivation area. By 2022-23, this had increased to 1,201 MT from 624 hectares. Kullu district leads the way, contributing almost 90% of the state’s persimmon production.
- Jackfruit: Jackfruit production has also seen growth, rising from 448 MT in 2013-14 to 748 MT in 2022-23. The cultivation area expanded to approximately 1,821 hectares during the same period.
- Litchi: Litchi production has nearly doubled in the last decade. In 2013-14, 3,275 MT of litchis were produced from almost 4,972 hectares. By 2022-23, overall production reached 6,175 MT from almost 6,501 hectares. Kangra district plays a significant role in litchi production.
- Cherry: Despite a dip in cherry production in 2015, it has been steadily increasing since then. In 2023, 981 MT of cherries were produced from 446 hectares, with Shimla district contributing nearly 90% of the total yield.
Farmers in Kullu, known for their progressive approach, have transitioned from apple cultivation to persimmons. Previously, the entire village focused on apples, but the changing climate necessitated a shift. These alternative fruits offer better resilience against climate variability and soil conservation challenges.
As climate-induced weather changes continue to impact apple production, Himachal Pradesh’s farmers are wisely diversifying their crops. The shift toward alternative fruits ensures economic stability but also contributes to sustainable agriculture in the face of climate uncertainty. Adaptation is the key, and these farmers are leading the way by embracing change and finding new paths to prosperity.